Growth response of Oryza sativa seedlings to graphene oxide and its variability among genotypes

With the extensive utilization of graphene nanomaterials, they inevitably enter our environment. The potential phytotoxicity and environmental impact oxide (GO) have recently attracted much attention. We designed experiment based on seed germination, seedling morphology, physio-biochemical properties, antioxidant enzyme activities five rice genotypes (9311, MH63, R527, K866, Nipponbare) under six concentrations GO (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150 mg dm-3). studied effects different germination index (GI), shoot length (SL) root (RL), adventitious number, fresh masses, root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD). Graphene treatments significantly enhanced growth inhibited all genotypes. Furthermore, we found a significant genotype-dependent response to treatments. According relative increment trend GI, SL, RL, (CAT, POD, SOD), Chl 'R527' showed more tolerance than other four 'MH63' 'K866' were sensitive 'Nipponbare' '9311'. It indicates that GO-tolerant genotype might avoid free radicals damage from by increased activities. Moreover, should consider differences when evaluating risk ecosystems.